{
  "issue_key": "vol05-no1-2017",
  "volume": 5,
  "number": 1,
  "season": "Summer 2017",
  "year": 2017,
  "sequence": 9,
  "type": "case-study",
  "section": "Case Study",
  "title": "British Petroleum deep water horizon disaster: Critical analysis of corporate governance failure and the search for a solution",
  "subtitle": null,
  "slug": "british-petroleum-deep-water-horizon-disaster-critical-analysis-of-corporate",
  "corporate_author": null,
  "authors": [
    {
      "given_name": "Arif Ahmed",
      "family_name": "Sunny",
      "credentials": null,
      "affiliation": null,
      "email": null,
      "orcid": null,
      "is_corresponding": false,
      "sequence": 1
    }
  ],
  "abstract": "British Petroleum (BP) was responsible for a spillage of 4.9 million barrels of oil in 2013 in the Gulf of Mexico and, as one of the main oil and gas producers in the world, has repeatedly failed to keep safety margins intact. The main purpose of this article is to critically examine the corporate governance failures of the BP oil spill in the Mexican Gulf. This article represents the validation of the publicly available information to identify BP’s corporate governance regulations. Corporate governance is not only pertinent to maintaining documents, having control over finance and managing risk and performance, but also concerns itself with the organisation’s culture, values, leadership, accountability and distributing roles and responsibilities, both inside and outside the organisation. The author claims significant importance must be attributed to knowledge of those responsible for corporate governance and the identity and role played by company management and owners of the organisation.",
  "keywords": [
    "Corporate Governance",
    "Failure",
    "British Petroleum",
    "Risk Management",
    "Governance Framework",
    "CSR"
  ],
  "first_page": 33,
  "last_page": 39,
  "pdf_start": 32,
  "pdf_end": 38,
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  ],
  "notes": [
    "²¹ PhD Candidate",
    "²² Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development",
    "²³ Source: (BP annual Report, 2012)",
    "²⁴ Gene Marcial, financial columnist in Daily Finance, 7/12/2010.",
    "²⁵ The Telegraph, 2012.",
    "²⁶ Source: BP.com, 2013.",
    "²⁷ Source BP.com, 2013."
  ],
  "figures": [
    {
      "kind": "figure",
      "file": "figures/fig-01-p37.png",
      "caption": "Appendix 1",
      "pdf_page": 37,
      "text_in_image": "Risk management: from operations to the board | Board oversight | Executive and functional oversight | Business risk and strategic risk management | Day-to-day risk management | Corporate governance BP Annual Report and Form 20-F 2012"
    },
    {
      "kind": "table",
      "file": "figures/fig-02-p37.png",
      "caption": "Appendix 2",
      "pdf_page": 37,
      "text_in_image": "Environment | Five-year data | 2008-2012 | Number of oil spills - to land and water | Volume of oil unrecovered | Direct carbon dioxide | Direct methane | Direct greenhouse gas | Indirect carbon dioxide | Customer emissions | Flaring (Upstream) | Environmental expenditure"
    }
  ],
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    "body_markdown": "body.md",
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  "conversion_warnings": [
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    "Appendix 1 and Appendix 2 (PDF p.37) are uncaptioned raster images reproduced from BP reports (Appendix 2 is an image of a data table); kept as images, alt text describes them.",
    "Heading hierarchy (## / ### / ####) inferred from content - all headings in the source are the same 10pt bold.",
    "Numbered list after 'OECD principles of Corporate Governance' runs 1-6 in the source although item 4 is a lead-in sentence; kept as printed.",
    "Reference URL 'http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/...' rejoined across a line break."
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  "manifest_notes": "Title spans two lines on the page. Author line 'Arif Ahmed Sunny 21'; footnote 21: 'PhD Candidate' (no institution). The 'Introduction' heading is run-in: bold 'Introduction' followed by body text on the same line (PDF p.32) - the detector must split it. 'Appendix 1' and 'Appendix 2' (PDF p.37) are uncaptioned raster images side-by-side (Appendix 2 is an image of a data table), placed before the References. Abstract says the spill was 'in 2013' while the body says 2010 (source error, keep as is).",
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