{
  "issue_key": "vol07-no1-2019",
  "volume": 7,
  "number": 1,
  "season": "Spring/Summer 2019",
  "year": 2019,
  "sequence": 8,
  "type": "research-article",
  "section": "Research Article",
  "title": "Exploring the relationship between personality factors, general aggression, negative attitudes towards cyclists and aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists",
  "subtitle": null,
  "slug": "exploring-the-relationship-between-personality-factors-general-aggression",
  "corporate_author": null,
  "authors": [
    {
      "given_name": "Kavit",
      "family_name": "Thakrar",
      "credentials": null,
      "affiliation": "University of Greenwich",
      "email": "kavit_beatbox09@hotmail.co.uk",
      "orcid": null,
      "is_corresponding": true,
      "sequence": 1
    }
  ],
  "abstract": "Literature surrounding the field of traffic psychology has focused on aggressive driving behaviour towards drivers. This is an important phenomenon to consider, given the link between aggression and crash involvement. However, literature surrounding aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists is limited. Research has either been based in countries outside the UK and/or research has not explored personality factors and aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists. This makes applying findings from past research difficult, especially when considering the impact of specific personality traits and negative attitudes, which are separate psychological dimensions. In this research, using Hierarchal Multiple Regression, we show that extraversion (β= .253, t (101)= 2.83, p < .001), general aggression (β= .363, t (101)= 3.19, p < .005) and negative attitudes (β= .512, t (101)= 5.27, p < .001) significantly increases aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists. In simple terms, higher levels of extraversion, general aggression and negative attitudes towards cyclists are associated with higher levels of road aggression towards cyclists. Whilst this research has practical and theoretical implications in terms of providing a platform to improve driver and cyclist interaction and providing support to various theoretical frameworks which have been used extensively in the traffic psychology field, future research avenues should be considered as this research does not provide reasons for the aggression. In this respect, future research should consider employing a qualitative experimental design.",
  "keywords": [
    "Aggression",
    "driving behaviour",
    "cyclists",
    "personality",
    "attitudes",
    "general aggression",
    "car users"
  ],
  "first_page": 38,
  "last_page": 50,
  "pdf_start": 40,
  "pdf_end": 52,
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  ],
  "notes": [
    "10 Contact details: kavit_beatbox09@hotmail.co.uk"
  ],
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  "conversion_warnings": [
    "OCR text (no text layer in the PDF) — body, abstract, notes and references rebuilt from Windows OCR and verified against 300 dpi page images; diacritics restored (Aniței, Jovanović, González-Iglesias, Özkan).",
    "Statistics restored from the page images where OCR dropped them (β for 'ß', missing 't (101)=' and 'R²'; the age result '(β= .002, t (101)= 3.37, P < .001)'). Abstract keeps plain t/p; body uses italic *t*, *p*, *P*, *F*, *R²* as printed. Editor should spot-check numbers against the PDF.",
    "Tables 1 and 2 (PDF pp.43-44, embedded images) re-keyed as pipe tables from the images; old table crops removed.",
    "Appendix questionnaire (PDF pp.48-51) rendered as lists; the empty oval/circle answer boxes are omitted and each item's response-scale labels are joined with ' · '. Part A item 26 is printed '26. 26. I know that...' (duplicate number kept, escaped).",
    "Typographic curly quotes/apostrophes rendered as straight quotes (OCR normalisation).",
    "Footnote 10 (author contact) is attached to the byline, so there is no marker in the body text."
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  "manifest_notes": "Byline 'Kavit Thakrar10'; footnote 10 'Contact details: kavit_beatbox09@hotmail.co.uk'. Affiliation is from Contributors only ('currently working at the University of Greenwich as an Admissions Officer'; BSc Psychology with Counselling, Greenwich) - not printed on the article page; drop it if a stricter rule applies. Paper is based on his undergraduate dissertation (Thakrar 2018). Contents title is garbled ('Exploring the relationship beween personality factors, aggression and negative Attitudes towards cyclists and aggressive behaviour aggressive behaviour towards Cyclists'); article-page title used. Table 1 'Hierarchical multiple regression for age, gender, weekly mileage, personality factors, general aggression, attitudes towards cyclists and aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists' (pdf 43, italic caption above, note '* p < 0.01, ** p < 0.001'); Table 2 'Standardised regression coefficients for the independent variables as predictors of aggressive driving behaviour towards cyclists, after controlling for age, gender' (pdf 44). Both tables are embedded images in a different font - re-key rather than trust OCR. Stats use β and italic t, p, R²; OCR gives 'ß' and drops '(101)=' (abstract reads 't (101)= 2.83'). 'Appendix: Questionnaire' pdf 48-51 (Parts A-D: aggression items 1-29 in two columns; Likert statements with empty oval radio buttons; mini-IPIP 1-7 scales; driving behaviour 1-5 scales) - a form, not data tables. References after the appendix on pdf 52; diacritics Aniţei (OCR 'Ani!ei'/'Anitei'), Jovanović (OCR 'Jovanovié'), Özkan, González-Iglesias. First-person singular voice.",
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