{ "issue_key": "vol09-no1-2021", "volume": 9, "number": 1, "season": "Spring 2021", "year": 2021, "sequence": 13, "type": "review-article", "section": "Review Article", "title": "Literature Review: Education and Social Class, A Focus on Marxist Ideology", "subtitle": null, "slug": "literature-review-education-and-social-class-a-focus-on-marxist-ideology", "corporate_author": null, "authors": [ { "given_name": "Golam", "family_name": "Faqruzzaman", "credentials": "FHEA", "affiliation": "Programme Leader, HND Business and Health and Social Care, London Churchill College", "email": null, "orcid": null, "is_corresponding": false, "sequence": 1 }, { "given_name": "Tasnim", "family_name": "Jahan", "credentials": null, "affiliation": null, "email": "tjtonny@yahoo.com", "orcid": null, "is_corresponding": false, "sequence": 2 } ], "abstract": "More than 150 years ago, Karl Marx, a philosopher and revolutionary thinker, initiated many theories that still influence contemporary discussions of society and social systems. His works generated many critical questions and revolutionary ideas that are still relevant in the current world. To understand the social system and its education, we need to know the ideas of Marx put forward in respect of inequality, segregation, and poverty prevailing in capitalist society. To Marx, capitalism is the main source of socio-economic and educational inequality, which ultimately works for a specific class. His idea of mass education and strategy to control society are interlinked. In his view, education works as a tool to control the class domination in society. His idea of education is still existing in the UK, where the education system is controlled by the elite class. Through the mechanism of private schools, the elite class develops a dominant privilege, which enables them to maintain a high standing position in all aspects of the society.", "keywords": [ "Education and Social Class", "Marxist Ideology" ], "first_page": 88, "last_page": 93, "pdf_start": 88, "pdf_end": 93, "references": [ { "ordinal": 1, "raw_text": "Aubrey, K. and Riley, A. (2016). Understanding & Using Educational Theories. London: Sage Publications Ltd.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Aubrey, K. and Riley, A. (2016). *Understanding & Using Educational Theories*. London: Sage Publications Ltd." }, { "ordinal": 2, "raw_text": "BBC News. 2013. UK 'Now Has Seven Social Classes'. [online] Available at: [Accessed 9 Dec 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "BBC News. 2013. UK 'Now Has Seven Social Classes'. \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 9 Dec 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 3, "raw_text": "Bhattacharya, S. (2006). Foundations Of Education. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributers.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Bhattacharya, S. (2006). *Foundations Of Education*. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributers." }, { "ordinal": 4, "raw_text": "Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. (1976). Schooling in Capitalist America. Chicago, Ill.: Haymarket Books.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Bowles, S. and Gintis, H. (1976). *Schooling in Capitalist America.* Chicago, Ill.: Haymarket Books." }, { "ordinal": 5, "raw_text": "Brown, M. and Brown, M. (2020_. Is There A Marxist Perspective On Education?. [online] Culturematters.org.uk. Available at: [Accessed 8 Dec 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "Brown, M. and Brown, M. (2020_. Is There A Marxist Perspective On Education?. \\[online\\] Culturematters.org.uk. Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 8 Dec 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 6, "raw_text": "Dictionary.com. (2020). Definition Of Education | Dictionary.Com. [online] Available at: [Accessed 8 Nov 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "Dictionary.com. (2020). Definition Of Education | Dictionary.Com. \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 8 Nov 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 7, "raw_text": "Giroux, H. (1983). Theories of Reproduction and Resistance in the New Sociology of Education: A Critical Analysis. Harvard Educational Review, 53(3):257-293.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Giroux, H. (1983). Theories of Reproduction and Resistance in the New Sociology of Education: A Critical Analysis. *Harvard Educational Review*, 53(3):257-293." }, { "ordinal": 8, "raw_text": "Hill, D. (2018). Education and social class: a Marxist response. In Simmons, R. and Smyth, J. (eds.), Education and Working Class Youth. London: Palgrave MacMillan.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Hill, D. (2018). Education and social class: a Marxist response. In Simmons, R. and Smyth, J. (eds.), *Education and Working Class Youth*. London: Palgrave MacMillan." }, { "ordinal": 9, "raw_text": "Hill, D. (2008). Social class and education. In Matheson D (eds.), An Introduction to the Study of Education. London: Routledge.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Hill, D. (2008). Social class and education. In Matheson D (eds.), *An Introduction to the Study of Education.* London: Routledge." }, { "ordinal": 10, "raw_text": "Kelly, AV (2001). The curriculum: Theory and practice. 6th edn. London: Sage Publications.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Kelly, AV (2001). The curriculum: Theory and practice. 6th edn. London: Sage Publications." }, { "ordinal": 11, "raw_text": "Marxists.org. (2020). The German Ideology. Karl Marx 1845. [online] Available at: [Accessed 11 Dec 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "Marxists.org. (2020). The German Ideology. Karl Marx 1845. \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 11 Dec 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 12, "raw_text": "Pells, R. (2016). Private school students have a better chance of being Olympic champions, claims Sir Steve Redgrave. The Independent, [online] Available at: [Accessed 17 Dec 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "Pells, R. (2016). Private school students have a better chance of being Olympic champions, claims Sir Steve Redgrave. The Independent, \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 17 Dec 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 13, "raw_text": "Reardon, S. (2011). The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. In G. J. Duncan and R. J. Murnane (Eds.), Whither opportunity? Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances New York: Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 91–116.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Reardon, S. (2011). The widening academic achievement gap between the rich and the poor: New evidence and possible explanations. In G. J. Duncan and R. J. Murnane (Eds.), *Whither opportunity? Rising inequality, schools, and children’s life chances* New York: Russell Sage Foundation. pp. 91–116." }, { "ordinal": 14, "raw_text": "Reay, D. (2017). Miseducation: Inequalities education and the working classes. Bristol: Policy Press.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Reay, D. (2017). Miseducation: Inequalities education and the working classes. Bristol: Policy Press." }, { "ordinal": 15, "raw_text": "Steele, T. and Taylor, R. ( 2004). Marxism and Adult Education in Britain. Policy Futures in Education, 2(3-4):578-592.", "doi": null, "markdown": "Steele, T. and Taylor, R. ( 2004). Marxism and Adult Education in Britain. *Policy Futures in Education,* 2(3-4):578-592." }, { "ordinal": 16, "raw_text": "UK GOV. (2020). The Purpose Of Education. [online] Available at: [Accessed 8 Nov 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "UK GOV. (2020). The Purpose Of Education. \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 8 Nov 2020\\]." }, { "ordinal": 17, "raw_text": "UN (2020).United Nations Millennium Development Goals. [online] Available at: [Accessed 8 Dec 2020].", "doi": null, "markdown": "UN (2020).United Nations Millennium Development Goals. \\[online\\] Available at: \\ \\[Accessed 8 Dec 2020\\]." } ], "notes": [], "figures": [ { "kind": "table", "file": "figures/fig-01-p92.png", "caption": "Table: State vs private school (Reay 2017: 45)", "pdf_page": 92, "text_in_image": null } ], "files": { "html": "index.html", "body_markdown": "body.md", "pdf": "article.pdf" }, "word_count": 2009, "conversion_warnings": [ "The table on p.92 is a raster image in the PDF; kept as an image with caption (no text table).", "Author footnotes 6 and 7 (p.88) carry only affiliation/email and are captured in authors[]; the email is printed 'tjtonny @yahoo.com' (stray space removed in metadata).", "Reference list previously split into 42 line fragments; rebuilt from the PDF (17 entries). Pells (2016) prints the article title in place of a URL inside ; left as printed. Brown & Brown '(2020_' typo left as printed." ], "manifest_notes": "Author footnotes on p.88 (10pt): '6 FHEA, Programme Leader, HND Business and Health and Social Care, London Churchill College.' and '7 Researcher. Email: tjtonny @yahoo.com' - the email is printed with a stray space before '@' (recorded without the space). Byline has a trailing comma. Table on p.92 is a RASTER image captioned below 'Table: State vs private school (Reay 2017: 45)' (unnumbered). pp.88-91 have filled background rectangles behind many text lines (highlight shading) - decorative, ignore. References p.93.", "source": { "pdf": "vol09-no1-2021.pdf", "ocr": false }, "reviewed": true }